An Inventory of the Human Upper Limb Remains

from Dolní Vĕstonice and Pavlov

 

Erik Trinkaus

Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University,

St. Louis MO 63130, USA, E-mail: trinkaus@artsci.wustl.edu

&

U.M.R. 5809 du C.N.R.S., Laboratoire d’Anthropologie,

Université de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France

 

 

The Dolní Vĕstonice 3 information is from Trinkaus & Jelínek (1997) supplemented with unpublished data. The lower case letters after specimen numbers refer to the individual preserved bone (a to z, then aa to az, ba to bz, etc.). All measurements are in millimeters.

 

References:

Trinkaus, E. & Jelínek, J. (1997) Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: The Dolní Vĕstonice 3 postcrania. Journal of Human Evolution 33: 33-82.

 

 

Claviculae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Proximal diaphysis from the flare just distal of the costo-clavicular facet to the region of the conoid tubercle. Maximum preserved length = 98.4.

DV 3

Lt

Proximal diaphysis from just distal of the costo-clavicular facet to just proximal of the conoid tubercle. Maximum preserved length = 98.5.

DV 13c

Rt

Complete shaft. Damage with fill to the cranial margins of the proximal surface, plus a hole with fill on the medial costo-clavicular facet. The acromial end is broken across all of the distal end, but it reaches the cranial angle of the ligamentous surface along the dorsal half of the distal margin. Maximum preserved length = 164.0.

DV 13d

Lt

Complete proximal end and shaft, with loss of the disto-dorsal corner of the acromial end. Maximum preserved length = 164.5.

DV 14c

Rt

Complete shaft. The proximal end is broken off just distal of the flare for the proximal surface, with a trace of the costo-clavicular rugosity. The distal end extends very close to the acromial end, but it lacks the articular facet and the ligamentous area. Maximum preserved length = 141.3.

DV 14d

Lt

Complete shaft with minor fill in a distal break. The proximal end extends to the sternal surface caudally, and the distal end is close to the acromial facet. Maximum preserved length = 145.0.

DV 15c

Rt

Largely complete bone with trivial caudal erosion and fill on the sternal end and abrasion across all of the acromial end. Maximum preserved length = 145.1.

DV 15d

Lt

Complete shaft with the cranial third of the sternal end reconstructed and the dorsal corner of the acromial end absent. Maximum preserved length = 151.6.

DV 16c

Rt

The sternal end is largely absent but it retains the proximal diaphyseal flare and the lateral extent of the costo-clavicular facet. The diaphysis is missing the ventral proximal border. The conoid tubercle is abraded, and distal of the conoid tubercle only portions of the ventral and cranial surfaces remain. Maximum preserved length = 160.0.

DV 16d

Lt

The shaft is intact, but the sternal end is absent medial of the lateral costo-clavicular facet, and one-half to two-thirds of the acromial end is preserved. Maximum preserved length = 149.5.

Pavlov 1d

Rt

The diaphysis is complete distally to the proximal edge of the conoid tubercle, but the sternal end is broken off perpendicular to the shaft axis in the proximal third of the conoid length, the conoid tubercle is absent, there is no caudal bone distal of the conoid tubercle but the ventral side of the cranial surface continues for 24 distal of the conoid tubercle. Maximum preserved length = 112.5.

Pavlov 1e

Lt

The diaphysis is largely complete with some fill in missing areas, the sternal end is broken off irregularly through the distal costo-clavicular facet, and the distal end is preserved to the middle of the acromial end with bone loss dorsally and on the conoid tubercle tip. Maximum preserved length = 104.0.

 

 

Scapulae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete glenoid fossa and infraglenoid tubercle, with primarily the dorsal margin of the axillary border extending caudally 70 from the inferior glenoid fossa, plus the lateral spine with a small portion of the dorsal spine surface. Maximum preserved height = 104.5.

DV 3

Lt

Crushed bone against the left thorax, with sections of the axillary border from the infraglenoid tubercle almost to the M. teres major origin (preserved length = 108.5), plus a piece of lateral spine originally in anatomical position on the dorsal thorax (preserved height = 43.5).

DV 13e

Rt

Largely complete bone with reconstruction of the infraspinatus / subscapularis surface, include a midsection 43 x 41 and the caudal vertebral border 13.5 wide and 61 long. Maximum preserved height = 178.0; maximum preserved breadth = 132.5.

DV 13f

Lt

Largely complete bone with the supraspinous margin absent except for the notch adjacent to the coracoid process. The infraspinatus surface is slightly irregular from expansion cracks. Maximum preserved height = 167.5; maximum preserved breadth = 149.0.

DV 14e

Rt

The major portions are preserved by there is significant reconstruction between them. The glenoid fossa is complete. The coracoid process is intact with minor fill. The acromion process retains the spine but not the lateral portion. The axillary border is intact to the superior half of the M. teres major surface. The eroded spine extends almost to the vertebral border. The supraspinatus surface is reconstructed, as is most of the infraspinatus surface; little if any of the vertebral border is preserved, and the resultant concave profile is from reconstruction. Maximum preserved height = 146.0; maximum preserved breadth = 132.0.

DV 14f

Lt

Intact glenoid fossa, coracoid and acromion, without the lateral acromial end. The spine is slightly eroded and distorted. The supraspinatus surface is present laterally, and the infraspinatus surface is mostly present except for the vertebral border. The vertebral border is present only for ca.15 inferiorly. Maximum preserved height = 161.0; maximum preserved breadth = 127.0.

DV 15e

Rt

Complete glenoid with minor cranial reconstruction, fill on the coracoid process base, the spine to close to the vertebral border with restoration of the dorsal margin, little of the acromion, essentially complete axillary border and rotator cuff muscular surfaces, but the vertebral border is missing for 83.5 from just cranial of the spine to the inferior angle. Maximum preserved height = 159.0; maximum preserved length = 99.0.

DV 15f

Lt

Complete glenoid with minor cranial reconstruction, damage to the base and ventral tip of the coracoid, the spine lacking the vertebral border section and most of its dorsal margin, full absence of the acromion process, complete axillary border and caudal muscle surfaces, the lateral two-thirds of the supraspinatus surface, and the caudal end of the vertebral border. Maximum preserved height = 148.0; maximum preserved breadth = 117.0.

DV 16e

Rt

The cranial glenoid fossa to the lateral spine, plus the base of the spine almost to the vertebral border. Maximum preserved breadth = 119.0.

DV 16f

Rt

The coracoid process with the abraded tip. Maximum preserved breadth = 35.5.

DV 16g

Rt

The axillary border from the caudal infraglenoid tubercle almost to the M. teres major surface. Maximum preserved length = 77.4.

DV 16h

Lt

Incomplete scapula with the glenoid fossa abraded on the ventral caudal half, coracoid process with damage to the base and abrasion to the ventral side and inferior tip, most of the acromion process, the lateral spine, the complete axillary border, a few fragments of the supraspinatus surface, the lateral two-thirds of the infraspinatus surface with fill, and none of the vertebral border. Maximum preserved height = 143.0; maximum preserved breadth = 133.0.

Pavlov 1f

Rt

The glenoid fossa lacks its margin on the caudal corner and the caudal three-quarters of the dorsal side. The coracoid base and cranial arm are complete. The spine is only present laterally at the base of the acromion process, and the acromion does not extend laterally of the glenoid fossa. The axillary border is damaged and filled in the area of the infraglenoid tubercle. Maximum preserved height = 78.5; maximum preserved breadth = 100.0.

Pavlov 1g

Lt

The glenoid fossa is complete. The coracoid process is absent. The base of the spine is present about three-quarters of the distance to the vertebral border, but the dorsal margin is present only laterally. The acromion process is broken off at the lateral extent of the glenoid fossa. The axillary border appears largely complete, but the infraglenoid tubercle and 30 of the middle border are reconstructed. Maximum preserved height = 135.0; maximum preserved breadth = 97.0.

 

 

Humeri

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Head subchondral bone with the articular margin only for ca.13 adjacent to the lesser tubercle (preserved diameter = 37.5), diaphysis from the proximal M. pectoralis major tuberosity to the region of the olecranon fossa especially along the medial pillar but lacking any of the fossa margins (preserved length = 262.0), plus fragments of the distal epiphysis.

DV 3

Lt

Eroded head subchondral bone piece (preserved diameter = 41.2) and the diaphysis from the surgical neck to the olecranon fossa with a piece extending to the proximal lesser tubercle (preserved length = 282.5).

DV 13g

Rt

Complete bone with minor reconstruction of the anterior head margin. Maximum length = 336.0.

DV 13h

Lt

Complete shaft and distal epiphysis with trivial abrasion to the antero-lateral capitulum and postero-medial trochlea. The complete head and greater tubercle is attached onto the lesser tubercle and neck with fill around the full circumference, but close contacts by the lateral lesser tubercle and inferior medial head provide confidence in the join. Maximum preserved length = 332.0.

DV 14g

Rt

The head without its medial and posterior margins but with the greater tubercle is attached through wax onto the surgical neck, with its position and orientation ±1-2. The tubercles are mostly wax. The diaphysis is intact with moderate root etching especially dorsally, and the distal epiphysis is complete with slight abrasion to the antero-lateral capitulum. Maximum preserved length = 374.0.

DV 14h

Lt

The head is slightly eroded, and it is floating in 17-31 of wax, thereby eliminating direct length measurements. The shaft is intact with two good joins and minor root etching. The distal epiphysis is intact with minor damage to the antero-lateral capitulum, the mid-anterior trochlea and the postero-medial trochlea, with root etching on the anterior trochlea. Maximum preserved length (without the head) = 330.0.

DV 15g

Rt

Intact bone with loss of the dorso-medial head margin and the lateral greater tubercle, and minimal restoration of the anatomical neck and the postero-lateral trochlea. Maximum preserved length = 309.5.

DV 15h

Lt

Complete with minor restoration of the anterior and posterior head margins, the antero-lateral greater tubercle, and the postero-distal lateral epicondyle. Maximum preserved length = 301.5.

DV 16i

Rt

Shaft from the surgical neck to the distal end, retaining the coronoid and olecranon fossae, the medial supracondylar crest, the antero-proximal capitulum and most of the trochlea. Maximum preserved length = 312.0.

DV 16j

Lt

The incomplete head and superior tubercles are attached to the surgical neck with filler, ca. 2 too distal, and the distal epiphysis lacks the medial epicondyle and dorsal bone by the capitulum. The diaphysis is intact. Maximum preserved length = 330.0 + ca.2.0 = ca.332.0.

DV 41

Rt

The distal diaphysis from just distal of midshaft to the olecranon fossa level. Proximally the medial side continues to close to midshaft, but the lateral side was split off obliquely 40 distal of the most proximal preserved point. There is no evidence of the deltoid tuberosity. Distally, the bone continues anteriorly to the beginning of the capsular rugosity laterally, but it was sheared off through the olecranon fossa and medial pillar. The distal lateral portion was also broken off obliquely. The surface is covered with root etching grooves. Maximum preserved length = 118.7.

Pavlov 1h

Rt

The head is largely present but the only preserved margin is dorso-medial. The tubercles are largely reconstructed, but the neck is largely complete with some inward crushing dorsally. The diaphysis is complete, and the distal epiphysis retains the coronoid fossa, the olecranon fossa without its trochlear margin, and the anterior 6.3 of the trochlea. Maximum preserved length = 359.0.

Pavlov 1i

Lt

The diaphysis is complete with minor reconstruction to the mid-proximal shaft. The proximal epiphysis is absent, but the distal epiphysis is largely complete, lacking the dorsal two-thirds of the lateral epicondyle and having abrasion to the dorsal proximal half of the medial epicondyle and the trochlear margins. Maximum preserved length = 332.0.

 

 

Ulnae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

A proximal piece with the crushed epiphysis and the diaphysis to the region of the M. pronator quadratus tuberosity, with fragments of the distal epiphysis. Maximum preserved length = 210.0.

DV 3

Lt

Damaged proximal epiphysis with the dorsal olecranon process, the distal half of the trochlear notch, the medial coronoid process and the middle of the radial facet. The proximal half of the diaphysis is complete, but lacks ventral surface bone distally. Maximum preserved length = 195.5.

DV 13i

Rt

Complete proximal epiphysis and shaft almost to the distal epiphysis, but absence of the distal epiphysis. Maximum preserved length = 268.0.

DV 13j

Lt

Complete bone with trivial fill to the mid-lateral trochlear notch. Maximum length = 279.5.

DV 14i

Rt

Complete proximal epiphysis and diaphysis, with moderate to heavy root etching proximo-medial on the shaft. The distal epiphysis is absent. Maximum preserved length = 290.0.

DV 14j

Lt

The proximal epiphysis is complete with minor erosion to the medial coronoid process and the medial and lateral olecranon. The shaft is complete, but the distal epiphysis is separate. Maximum preserved length = 288.0.

DV 14k

Lt

Separate head with the distal rounding and the sulcus adjacent to the styloid process. Maximum dorso-volar dimension = 16.1.

DV 15i

Rt

Complete with minimal fill on the lateral olecranon. Maximum preserved length = 262.0.

DV 15j

Lt

Complete with reconstruction of the proximo-lateral olecranon and erosion of the volar and distal head. Maximum preserved length = 253.0.

DV 16k

Rt

Proximal epiphysis and diaphysis without the olecranon or the radial facet. Maximum preserved length = 282.0.

DV 16l

Lt

Proximal epiphysis with minor abrasion to the anterior coronoid and olecranon margins plus the diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 273.0.

Pavlov 1j

Rt

The diaphysis is complete to just proximal of the M. pronator quadratus crest, and the distal epiphysis is absent. Proximally, there is abrasion to the coronoid margins, the dorsal radial facet margin, the lateral proximal olecranon process and the lateral olecranon. Maximum preserved length = 233.0.

Pavlov 1k

Lt

Complete proximal epiphysis with abrasion to the ventral coronoid process and radial facet, and a largely intact diaphysis to the proximal end of the M. pronator quadratus crest with a dorsal chip 25 long absent from the mid-proximal shaft and abrasion to the mid-distal interosseus crest. Maximum preserved length = 252.5.

Pavlov 1l

??

The anterior half of the head with the distal surface, the ligamentous pit and the radial surface. Maximum breadth = 15.5.

 

 

Radii

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Most of the bone is present, but the head retains only half of its margin and capitular surface, the neck is crushed and twisted, the radial tuberosity is absent, the diaphysis is crushed ventrally and altered in its curvature, and the distal epiphysis retains primarily the lunate surface. Maximum preserved length = 235.0.

DV 3

Lt

Diaphysis from the distal radial tuberosity to the beginning of the flare for the distal epiphysis. Maximum preserved length = 160.0.

DV 13k

Rt

Complete bone with damage and fill on the dorsal half of the head margin. Maximum preserved length = 257.0.

DV 13l

Lt

Complete bone with abrasion and bone loss to the dorso-lateral half of the head and the dorso-lateral distal tendon grooves. Maximum preserved length = 256.0.

DV 14l

Rt

Largely complete proximal epiphysis and shaft, with damage to the dorsal head and root etching proximo-anteriorly. Maximum preserved length = 255.0.

DV 14m

Rt

Separate distal epiphysis with damage to the mid-volar margin. Only a trace of the epiphyseal cartilage surface is preserved, indicating that the epiphysis was broken off and not an unfused epiphysis. Maximum breadth = 33.3.

DV 14n

Lt

Proximal epiphysis and shaft with abrasion to the dorso-lateral head margin. Minor root etching. Maximum preserved length = 269.0.

DV 15k

Rt

Complete with erosion to the dorsal head margin. Maximum preserved length = 241.0.

DV 15l

Lt

Complete with loss of the dorsal quarter of the head. Maximum preserved length = 233.0.

DV 16m

Rt

Intact diaphysis and proximal epiphysis missing most of the ulnar head surface. Maximum preserved length = 255.5.

DV 16n

Lt

Largely complete bone with abrasion to the antero-lateral half of the head, and the carpal articular facets are connected to the distal metaphysis across only 5-6 of the dorsal surface. Maximum preserved length = 263.0.

DV 50

Lt

A proximal section with all of the neck, the tuberosity with its dorsal, ventral and proximal margins, and the lateral and especially dorsal proximal shaft with the beginning of the interosseous crest. Maximum preserved length = 62.0.

Pavlov 1m

Rt

The complete shaft with a trivial dorsal surface chip lost near midshaft. The neck and tuberosity are intact with minor fill, and the head retains the mid capitular fossa with 12 of the antero-lateral margin. The distal epiphysis is complete with a crushed in area 13.2 by 9.7 on the distal anterior shaft. Maximum preserved length = 286.0.

Pavlov 1n

Lt

The distal tuberosity and adjacent anterior and lateral shaft, plus the complete shaft to the distal minimum circumference level. Maximum preserved length = 203.0.

 

 

Scaphoid Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum breadth = 19.5.

DV 14o

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum breadth = 25.9.

DV 16o

Rt

Complete bone with trivial edge abrasion. Maximum breadth = 22.9.

DV 16p

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum breadth = 24.4.

 

 

Lunate Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 11.2.

DV 3

Lt

Largely present with crushing and distortion of the dorsal surface and the articular margins. Maximum length = 13.0.

DV 14p

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 18.5.

DV 15m

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 16.6.

DV 16q

Rt

Complete bone with edge abrasion. Maximum breadth = 18.1.

DV 16r

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum breadth = 18.1.

 

 

Triquetral Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Mostly present with damage to the hamate facet and non-articular bone. Maximum length = 12.0.

DV 3

Lt

Complete with damage to the dorso-distal surface. Maximum length = 15.8.

DV 14q

Rt

Lunate, hamate and half of the pisiform surfaces, plus the dorsal surface. Maximum length = 16.2.

 

 

Pisiform Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 14r

Rt?

Complete bone. Maximum length = 13.8.

 

 

Trapezium

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Palmar piece with the metacarpal 2 facet, most of the trapezoid facet and a dorsal portion of the metacarpal 1 facet. Maximum breadth = 16.7.

DV 16s

Rt

Largely intact bone but it lacks the tubercle and the metacarpal 2 facet, with abrasion to the scaphoid and trapezoid facets. Maximum breadth = 20.1.

 

 

Trapezoid Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete with damage to the palmar tip. Maximum height = 16.2.

DV 14s

Rt

Complete with erosion palmarly and along the trapezium facet. Maximum height = 13.4.

DV 15n

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum height = 16.2.

DV 16t

Rt

Intact bone with dorso-proximal erosion. Maximum height = 18.5.

 

 

Capitate Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 15o

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 22.0.

DV 16u

Rt

Complete bone with erosion to the palmar head and the dorsal metacarpal facets. Maximum length = 25.0.

DV 16v

Lt

Complete bone with erosion along the dorsal surface and the palmar head. Maximum length = 23.2.

 

 

Hamate Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete bone with damage to the palmar tip of the hamulus. Maximum length = 16.8.

DV 3

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum height = 18.2.

DV 15p

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 21.0.

DV 16w

Rt

Bone with damage to the dorsal bone and most of the hamulus. Maximum length = 19.7; maximum preserved height = 20.5.

DV 16x

Lt

The metacarpal facets, the proximal half of the hamulus, and the distal half of the body with the distal ends of the capitate and triquetral facets. Maximum height = 22.2.

 

 

Metacarpal 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete head, palmar and radial diaphysis, with the distal three-quarters of the dorsal and ulnar diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 35.2.

DV 3

Lt

Head and diaphysis in fragments. Length measured in situ.

DV 16y

Rt

Largely complete but lacks the dorsal base and has holes in the palmar head. Maximum length = 49.2.

 

 

Metacarpal 2

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete bone with damage to the dorsal head. Maximum preserved length = 62.3.

DV 3

Lt

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 44.0.

DV 13m

Rt

Complete with minor surface erosion on the shaft, bone loss on the dorsal trapezoid facet, and surface abrasion to the ulnar side of the base. Maximum preserved length = 74.7.

DV 13n

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum preserved length = 73.5.

DV 14t

Rt

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 46.4.

DV 15q

Rt

Complete with matrix in the trapezoid sulcus and abrasion to the palmar head margin. Maximum length = 72.3.

DV 16z

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 73.8.

DV 16aa

Lt

Base and diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 60.7.

 

 

 

 

Metacarpal 3

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Diaphysis and crushed base. Maximum preserved length = 46.0.

DV 3

Lt

Base and diaphysis. Fragmentary head was in position in situ, permitting measurement of its length. Maximum preserved length = 51.5.

DV 13o

Lt

Complete with minor surface etching to the base and damage to the ulnar half of the head. Maximum preserved length = 71.6.

DV 15r

Rt

Base and proximal two-thirds of the shaft. Maximum preserved length = 49.4.

DV 15s

Lt

Eroded base and root etched shaft. Maximum preserved length = 56.3.

DV 16ab

Rt

Base and shaft with damage to the dorso-ulnar base. Maximum preserved length = 69.2.

DV 16ac

Lt

Complete bone with damage to the dorso-ulnar base and the dorsal and radial head. Maximum length = 73.0.

Pavlov 1o

Lt

Complete shaft and base, with all margins and the styloid process abraded. Maximum preserved length = 56.7.

 

 

Metacarpal 4

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 40.4.

DV 3

Lt

Diaphysis and base, the latter abraded palmarly. Maximum preserved length = 41.2.

DV 15t

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 61.1.

DV 16ad

Rt

Diaphysis with the ulnar side of the base. Maximum preserved length = 48.4.

DV 16ae

Lt

Complete bone with damage to the dorso-radial base and the dorsal head. Maximum length = 61.7.

 

 

Metacarpal 5

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Base and proximal two-thirds of the diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 34.5.

DV 3

Lt

Base and diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 42.5.

DV 16af

Rt

The ulnar two-thirds of the diaphysis plus the proximo-ulnar tubercle and the palmar-ulnar head. Maximum preserved length = 54.7.

DV 16ag

Lt

Complete base. Maximum preserved length = 22.4.

 

 

Proximal Manual Phalanx 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Diaphyseal fragments.

DV 14u

Rt

Complete bone with bone loss on the proximal palmar shaft and extensive root etching. Maximum length = 33.9.

DV 16ah

Rt

Complete bone with dorsal base erosion and root etching. Maximum length = 34.6.

 

 

Proximal Manual Phalanx 2

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Diaphyseal fragments. Length measured in situ.

DV 13p

Lt

Complete with minor erosion to the dorsal base and head. Osteoarthritic degeneration on the head trochlea. Maximum preserved length = 43.2.

DV 15u

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 40.6.

DV 16ai

Rt

Complete bone with fill on the ulnar and palmar base. Maximum length = 43.5.

DV 16aj

Lt

The metacarpal facet plus the palmar tubercles. Maximum breadth = 15.4.

DV 16ak

Lt

Distal two-thirds of the diaphysis plus the head, with root etching. Maximum preserved length = 34.2.

 

 

Proximal Manual Phalanx 3

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Distal two-thirds of the diaphysis with the head. Maximum preserved length = 36.7.

DV 13q

Lt

Complete base and head, with bone loss on the proximal third of the dorsal shaft and on the palmar radial corner. Maximum preserved length = 44.5.

DV 14v

Rt

Complete base plus the head and distal three-quarters of the shaft. The base attached with filler. Maximum preserved length adjusted for filler = 50.3.

DV 15v

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 46.0.

DV 16al

Rt

Complete bone with trivial dorsal base erosion. Maximum length = 47.6.

DV 16am

Lt

Complete bone with a hole on the dorso-radial base and erosion to the dorso-ulnar base. Maximum length = 48.1.

 

 

Proximal Manual Phalanx 4

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete with abrasion to the dorsal base. Maximum preserved length = 37.5.

DV 13r

Lt

Complete with minor dorso-ulnar abrasion to the base and an expansion crack on the mid ulnar palmar shaft. Maximum preserved length = 41.9.

DV 14w

Rt?

Complete with slight palmar root etching. Maximum length = 46.9.

DV 16an

Rt

Distal two-thirds of the shaft and the head. Maximum preserved length = 32.5.

DV 16ao

Lt

Complete bone with minor fill on the dorso-radial base. Maximum length = 45.3.

 

 

Proximal Manual Phalanx 5

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete with damage to the dorso-ulnar base. Maximum preserved length = 29.8.

DV 14x

??

Root etched diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 31.5.

DV 15w

Rt?

Diaphysis and head. Maximum preserved length = 33.9.

DV 16ap

??

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 25.2.

 

 

Middle Manual Phalanx 2

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete with damage to mid-dorsal base. May derive from digit 3. Maximum preserved length = 27.0.

DV 14y

??

Head, dorsal shaft and distal two-thirds of the palmar shaft. Maximum preserved length = 30.9.

DV 15x

Rt?

Complete bone. Maximum length = 31.1.

DV 16aq

??

Complete bone. Maximum length = 31.0.

DV 16ar

??

Complete bone with the right third of the base and the left and palmar edges reconstructed. Maximum length = 31.0.

DV 34

??

A complete but heavily root-etched middle hand phalanx, probably from digit 2 or 3 based on its length. Maximum length = 32.1.

 

 

Middle Manual Phalanx 3

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 13s

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum preserved length = 27.8

DV 14z

Rt?

Complete bone with slight root etching. Maximum length = 34.9.

DV 15y

Rt?

Complete bone. Maximum length = 32.7.

DV 16as

??

Complete bone. Maximum length = 32.3.

DV 16at

??

Complete bone with erosion to the palmar base. Maximum length = 32.1.

 

 

Middle Manual Phalanx 4

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Diaphysis and head. Maximum preserved length = 22.5.

DV 13t

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 27.0.

DV 15z

Rt?

Complete bone. Maximum length = 30.0.

DV 16au

??

Complete bone. Maximum length = 27.8.

DV 16av

??

Complete bone with trivial palmar base erosion. Maximum length = 27.8.

DV 53

??

A largely complete with damage to the left and dorsal base, probably from digit 4. Maximum length = 25.9.

 

 

Middle Manual Phalanx 5

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 17.9.

DV 13u

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 24.1.

DV 15aa

Rt?

Complete bone. Maximum length = 27.0.

 

 

Distal Manual Phalanx 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Damaged base, diaphysis and apical tuft. Maximum preserved length = 19.7.

DV 16aw

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 24.4.

 

 

Distal Manual Phalanges 2-5

Specimen

Side

Digit

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

2/3/4

Complete bone. Most likely from digit 2 or 3. Maximum length = 16.2.

DV 3

Rt

2/3/4

Complete bone. Most likely from digit 2 or 3. Maximum length = 16.3.

DV 3

Rt

2/3/4

Complete with damage to palmar base. Most likely from digit 4. Maximum length = 15.5.

DV 3

Rt

5

Complete bone. Maximum length = 15.1.

DV 13v

Lt

3?

Complete bone. Digit by articular alignment with DV 13s. Maximum length = 17.2.

DV 13w

Lt

4?

Complete bone. Digit by articular alignment with DV 13t. Maximum length = 17.4.

DV 15ab

Rt?

2-5

Complete bone. Maximum length = 17.3.

DV 16ax

??

2/3

Complete bone. Maximum length = 18.6.

DV 16ay

??

2/3

Complete bone. Maximum length = 18.6.

DV 16az

??

2/3

Complete bone missing the palmar base. Maximum length = 19.0.

DV 16ba

??

4

Complete bone. Maximum length = 16.3.

 

 

 

An Inventory of the Human Lower Limb Remains

from Dolní Vĕstonice and Pavlov

 

Erik Trinkaus

Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University,

St. Louis MO 63130, USA, E-mail: trinkausyartsci.wustl.edu

&

U.M.R. 5809 du C.N.R.S., Laboratoire d’Anthropologie,

Université de Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France

 

 

The Dolní Vĕstonice 3 and 35 information is from Trinkaus & Jelínek (1997) and Trinkaus, Jelínek & Pettitt (n.d.). The lower case letters after specimen numbers refer to the individual preserved bone (a to z, then aa to az, ba to bz, etc.). All measurements are in millimeters.

 

References:

Trinkaus, E. & Jelínek, J. (1997) Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: The Dolní Vĕstonice 3 postcrania. Journal of Human Evolution 33: 33-82.

Trinkaus, E., Jelínek, J. & Pettitt, P.B. (n.d.) Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: The Dolní Vĕstonice 35 femoral diaphysis. Anthropologie (Brno). (in press).

 

Os Coxae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

The right ilium was crushed in situ below the left one, with virtually all of the iliac fossa and iliac crest bone turned to bone meal. It has been preserved adherent to a section of underlying matrix. A more intact piece consists of the inferior ilium from the superior acetabulum to the iliac tubercle, including the iliac portion of the acetabular subchondral bone lacking articular margins, the external inferior margin in the vicinity of the iliac pillar, the external greater sciatic notch from opposite the mid-acetabulum almost to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the arcuate line from opposite the absent anterior inferior iliac spine almost to the auricular surface but lacking the auricular surface margin, plus small portions of the inferior iliac surfaces cranial from the arcuate line interiorly and the greater sciatic notch externally. Despite the damage, there is little distortion to the arcuate line and greater sciatic notch. Preserved breadth = 123.2; preserved height = 94.5.

DV 3

Lt

Most of the ilium is present, but it is crushed flat and in places reduced to bone meal. The anterior superior iliac spine is present, but on a piece of bone separated in situ by the proximal diaphysis of the left femur. The greater sciatic notch is largely present, but it is distorted by in situ displacement of small bone pieces. Most of the iliac acetabulum remains, but there has been some bone loss along the acetabular margin. The auricular area is present but its surface bone is absent, and the iliac tubercle is crushed into the sacrum. Preserved breadth with the adherent sacrum = 155.0; preserved height with the ischium = 175.0.

The ischium retains most of the ischial acetabulum with minor damage to the articular margins. The ischial neck adjacent to the acetabulum is preserved externally, but the tuberosity is either absent or has been reduced to bone fragments.

DV 13x

Rt

Complete bone with minor damage to the pubic margin of the acetabulum and the pelvic surface opposite the acetabulum. The ischial spine is absent. Articulated into a complete pelvis. Maximum height = 224.0; maximum depth = 221.0.

DV 13y

Lt

Complete bone with minor damage to the pubic margin of the acetabulum. The ischial spine is absent. Articulated into a complete pelvis. Maximum height = 224.0; maximum depth = 201.0.

DV 14aa

Rt

Complete with erosion to the pubic symphysis, matrix on and damage to the pubic acetabulum, loss of the inferior end of the ischial tuberosity, erosion and fill along the iliac tuberosity with reconstruction of the iliac tuberosity, loss of the auricular surface bone and loss of the ischial spine tip. Maximum height = 222.0.

DV 14ab

Lt

Complete with erosion of the pubic symphysis, fill and matrix on the medio-inferior ischio-pubic ramus, loss of the ischial spine tip, reconstruction of the pubic acetabulum, and erosion of the auricular surface. Maximum height = 226.0.

DV 15ac

Rt

Complete with supero-medial ischio-pubic ramus erosion, reconstruction of the pubic acetabular margin, and erosion of the auricular surface. Maximum height = 195.0.

DV 15ad

Lt

Complete with mid external ischio-pubic ramus reconstruction, pubic acetabular reconstruction, auricular surface erosion and a small notch on the mid iliac crest. Maximum height = 197.0.

DV 16bb

Rt

Iliac crest and cranial external iliac surface around the iliac tubercle. Maximum preserved dorso-ventral dimension: 132.3.

DV 16bc

Rt

External ischial neck with the ischial acetabulum and the lateral acetabular edge. Maximum preserved height = 89.4.

DV 16bd

Rt

The base of the ischial spine. Maximum preserved height = 47.9.

DV 16be

Lt

The external superior ilium and crest from the anterior superior iliac spine past the iliac tubercle. Maximum preserved height = 99.0; maximum preserved dorso-ventral dimension = 103.3.

DV 16bf

Lt

The arcuate line from the superior auricular surface to the middle of the superior pubic ramus. Maximum preserved dorso-ventral dimension = 115.6.

DV 16bg

Lt

The infero-anterior auricular surface and the adjacent pre-auricular surface rounding into the greater sciatic notch. Maximum preserved height = 45.0.

DV 16bh

Lt

The acetabular notch, base of the inferior lunate surface and the pelvic surface. Maximum preserved height = 51.7.

DV 16bi

Lt

The ischium with the lateral acetabulum, neck and most of the tuberosity, with extensive reconstruction. Maximum preserved height = 133.0.

DV 16bj

??

Superior acetabular articular surface. Maximum preserved diameter = 35.2.

 

 

Femora

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

The head is preserved without its articular margins and with erosion to the fovea capitis. The neck and trochanters are absent, and the head is crushed down into the remaining proximal diaphysis. The proximal and mid diaphysis are in excellent condition, but the distal diaphysis has been reassembled and small portions are missing anteriorly. With portions of crushed distal epiphysis connected to the distal diaphysis, it continues to the proximal end of the condyles. Preserved length with the crushed-on head = 378.0.

DV 3

Lt

About two-thirds of the head remains, crushed onto the neck with loss of bone. Most of the neck and trochanters are present, but the left calcaneus is crushed into the dorsal side of the greater trochanter and a fragment of the distal left tibial trochlear surface is crushed into the lesser trochanter. The diaphysis is largely intact, with trivial surface erosion proximally and some antero-posterior crushing and axial twisting distally. However, there are good longitudinal contacts through the distal portion for the diaphysis for the attachment of the distal epiphysis. The patellar surface is present but only the superior margin is intact. The medial condyle is preserved, but the medial external surface is abraded and an oblique break and join resulted in minor bone loss. However, the articular arc is continuous except across the join. The lateral condyle is largely complete with minor erosion to the margins. There is some axial twisting to the distal epiphysis, but the distal condyles appear very close to their original positions for the measurement of the bicondylar angle and lengths. Preserved length to the proximal displaced head = 410.0.

DV 13z

Rt

Complete proximal epiphysis with minor damage and fill to the anterior head and to 63.0 of the anterior and antero-proximal head margin, plus reconstruction of the posterior 20.5 of the greater trochanter alongside of the digital fossa. The shaft is complete with minor root etching. The distal epiphysis is largely complete, but all of the medial surface is filled, the medial margin of the medial condyle is absent, the lateral surface retains only the lateral epicondyle. Maximum preserved length = 451.0.

DV 13aa

Lt

Proximal epiphysis complete with reconstruction of 95.0 of the anterior and proximal head margin. The diaphysis is complete with trivial root etching along the anterior midshaft. The distal epiphysis is complete with minor abrasion and fill to the medial patellar trochlear margin, the anterior surface of the medial epicondyle, and the disto-posterior lateral condyle margin. There is crushing anterior of the lateral epicondyle. Maximum preserved length = 447.0.

DV 14ac

Rt

Proximally complete with minor erosion to the head margin, anterior and infero-medial head, and greater trochanter. The diaphysis is complete with damage to the anterior supracondylar area and moderate root etching on the posterior shaft. Distally the articular surfaces are present but all of the medial margins and most of the medial surface are absent; lateral erosion is less pronounced. Maximum preserved length = 499.0.

DV 14ad

Lt

Proximally intact with bone loss along the superior head margin and on the anterior greater trochanter. The diaphysis is complete with minor posterior root etching. The distal end is present with erosion and a reasonable reattachment to the metaphyseal region. The patellar trochlea is present medianly and laterally, the lateral two-thirds of the dorsal half of the medial condyle is preserved, and the lateral condyle is largely present. Maximum length as reconstructed = 510.5.

DV 15ae

Rt

Complete (if abnormal) bone with head margin reconstruction (all but dorsal), erosion of the margins of the medial condyle and restoration of a mid-section of the lateral condyle. Maximum preserved length = 378.0.

DV 15af

Lt

Complete with posterior head margin restoration and a hole in the anterior medial epicondyle. Maximum preserved length = 387.0.

DV 16bk

Rt

Complete diaphysis with minor root etching and the proximal epiphyseal area with the anterior and infero-medial neck, the antero-lateral inferior greater trochanter and the posterior flare for the lesser trochanter. Maximum preserved length = 413.0.

DV 16bl

Lt

Complete diaphysis with minor root etching, the proximal epiphyseal area with the antero-superior and inferior neck, the greater trochanter and the medial half of the lesser trochanter. The distal epiphysis is attached with fill all around but the contours are accurate and there is close contact in the postero-medial supracondylar region. Most of the subchondral bone is present but few margins remain, the medial surface of the medial condyle is abraded, and the lateral half of the lateral condyle is absent. Maximum preserved length = 458.0.

DV 16bm

??

Most of the head articular surfaces but without any of the margins. Maximum preserved diameter = 50.8.

DV 16bn

??

Mid-head semi-circle without any of its margins. Maximum preserved diameter = 50.6. Same head as DV 16bo, but no adequate contacts remain.

DV 16bo

??

Head surface section with the fovea. Maximum preserved diameter = 49.1. Same head as DV 16bn, but no adequate contacts remain.

DV 35

Rt

The proximal diaphysis from the cranial end of the gluteal buttress to approximately midshaft. The gluteal tuberosity is largely preserved, lacking its most cranial extent, and there is a suggestion of a postero-medial flare for the base of the lesser trochanter and the distal end of the spiral line extending supero-medial from the proximal end of the linea aspera. The distal break is an oblique one extending from proximo-anterior to disto-posterior along ca. 46 of the diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 246.0.

DV 40

Rt

The full cross-section of a mid-distal diaphysis. The proximal transverse break is at the level of the distal linea aspera, and the antero-proximal to postero-distal distal break is at the level at which the medial popliteal crest has faded out. The entire surface has mild root etching. Maximum preserved length = 88.7.

DV 43

Rt

Proximal diaphyseal section, which may derive from the same bone as DV 40, from the middle of the gluteal tuberosity to the proximal end of the linea aspera. The distal break is transverse, but a chip of bone was removed for 19 proximal of the distal break along the linea aspera. Proximally, the bone is broken irregularly obliquely from latero-proximal to medio-distal. The surface is gently root etched. Maximum preserved length = 71.3.

Pavlov 1p

Rt

The diaphysis from the proximal portion of the gluteal tuberosity laterally and the mid gluteal tuberosity level medially. Slight root etching latero-posterior through midshaft. Distally, the middles of the patellar trochlear and condylar articular surfaces are present, but all articular margins and epicondylar areas are eroded away. Maximum preserved length = 382.0.

Pavlov 1q

Lt

The diaphysis is complete from the distal end of the medial neck curvature and the mid-proximal gluteal tuberosity to the distal end, with modest root etching proximally. The distal epiphysis preserves the middle two-thirds of the medial condyle and the medial half of the intercondylar surface without margins, and a distal portion of the lateral condyle set in wax. Maximum preserved length = 413.5.

 

 

Patellae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Complete bone with minimal abrasion to the postero-superior margin, the lateral half of the non-articular postero-inferior edge and the inferior articular crest. Preserved height = 39.5.

DV 3

Lt

Patellar core with abrasion to all of the margins. Preserved height = 37.7.

DV 13ab

Rt

Bone damaged all along the medial side. Maximum height = 45.0.

DV 13ac

Lt

Complete with trivial abrasion to the supero-medial and infero-lateral articular margins. Maximum height = 46.0.

DV 14ae

Rt

Complete with abrasion to the medial superior half and medial articular margin. Maximum height = 44.8.

DV 14af

Lt

Complete with trivial abrasion superiorly and inferiorly. Maximum height = 45.6.

DV 15ag

Rt

Complete with minimal abrasion to the dorso-lateral superior articular margin. Maximum height = 36.7.

DV 15ah

Lt

Complete with minimal erosion of the mid dorso-superior surface and the infero-lateral articular corner. Maximum height = 36.6.

DV 16bp

Lt

Largely complete bone with damage and fill to the infero-medial articular margin and the non-articular posterior bone. Maximum height = 41.0.

 

 

Tibiae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

The proximal epiphysis is crushed and abraded with only a small portion of the mid and postero-medial lateral condyle properly connected to underlying trabecular bone. The proximal diaphysis close to the posterior capsular attachment and almost to the tibial tuberosity is preserved but slightly distorted. The 40 to 50 of diaphysis below the proximal epiphysis was crushed medio-laterally, and the antero-medial surface is still slightly compressed. The remaining more distal diaphysis is in good condition to slightly distal of the level of the distal minimum circumference. Preserved length = 294.0.

DV 3

Lt

The proximal epiphysis is crushed and distorted, especially medially, but there are good longitudinal contacts between the postero-lateral proximal diaphysis, adjacent trabecular bone, and the mid-posterior lateral condyle. The tibial tuberosity is preserved, but the proximal third of the diaphysis preserves only the posterior surface, most of the medial surface, and the anterior crest up to the tibial tuberosity. The mid and distal diaphysis is well preserved and extends almost to the distal capsular line posteriorly and to the proximal end of the lateral distal capsular attachment area. Preserved length = 304.5.

DV 13ad

Rt

Proximal epiphysis has erosion to the anterior intercondylar area, all external margins of the medial condyle, and the lateral and anterior margins of the lateral condyle. The shaft is complete with trivial root etching on the anterior midshaft and antero-lateral distal shaft. The distal epiphysis is complete. Maximum preserved length = 382.0.

DV 13ae

Lt

The proximal epiphysis is continuous with the shaft, has minor damage with fill laterally along the lateral condyle and in the anterior intercondylar area, and has more extensive damage with fill along the antero-medial medial condyle. The shaft is intact with minor root etching along the antero-lateral surface. The distal epiphysis is complete with minor damage and filler antero-medially above the articular facet, across the mid medial malleolus, and on the anterior half of the fibular area. Maximum preserved length = 382.5.

DV 14ag

Rt

Proximally the condylar mass with all margins eroded was placed on to the damaged metaphysis, in a position that is too far anterior and too horizontal but probably within 2 of original proximo-distal position. The diaphysis is complete with heavy root etching. The distal epiphysis is complete but was attached to the distal diaphysis in a position that is twisted and medially too distal. Maximum length as reconstructed = 420.0.

DV 14ah

Lt

Proximally the condylar mass is eroded and was set onto the proximal metaphysis in a position that is too anterior and medially too distal. The lateral side is ca.2 too distal, such that length measurements add on that amount. The diaphysis is complete with heavy root etching, especially laterally and posteriorly. The distal epiphysis is complete with crushing on the medial half of the anterior surface. Maximum length as reconstructed = 418.5.

DV 15ai

Rt

Intact bone with abrasion and fill to the lateral and anterior lateral condyle, the anterior intercondylar space and the antero-medial medial condyle, plus erosion and fill to the anterior malleolar and capsular areas. There is minimal root etching on the shaft. Maximum preserved length = 344.0.

DV 15aj

Lt

Complete with slight erosion around the condylar margins and in the anterior intercondylar space plus erosion and fill to the anterior malleolar and capsular areas. Moderate root etching on the shaft, especially antero-medially. Maximum preserved length = 343.0.

DV 16bq

Rt

Largely intact diaphysis with minor root etching, the trabecular base of the postero-medial medial condyle, the distal end of the anterior tibial tuberosity, and the talar trochlear surface with portions of the anterior and posterior articular margins. The distal epiphysis is attached with good contact anteriorly. Maximum preserved length = 367.0.

DV 16br

Lt

The diaphysis with reconstruction on the proximal 100 posteriorly and 60 laterally, most of the tibial tuberosity, and the talar trochlear surface without articular margins. Maximum preserved length = 371.0.

Pavlov 1r

??

Portion of the lateral condylar subchondral bone with trabecular bone. Maximum preserved depth = 34.0.

Pavlov 1s

??

Small section of the lateral condylar subchondral bone and adjacent trabecular bone. Maximum preserved depth = 27.4.

 

 

Fibulae

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Rt

Diaphysis from the proximal epiphyseal flare to the distal epiphyseal flare, with ca.70 of the midshaft reassembled from small pieces with small pieces absent. Preserved length = 270.5.

DV 3

Lt

Complete diaphysis from the distal neck to the distal epiphyseal flare (preserved length = 261.5), plus a crushed proximal epiphysis with adjacent diaphyseal fragments (preserved length = 39.3).

DV 13af

Rt

Retains the head without the styloid process and the proximal ca.80% of the shaft. Maximum preserved length = 270.0.

DV 13ag

Lt

The bone is complete with reconstruction of the antero-medial half of the head. Maximum preserved length = 369.0.

DV 14ai

Rt

Complete shaft with heavy root etching, eroded core of the head, and the distal end abraded postero-laterally. Maximum preserved length = 385.5.

DV 14aj

Lt

Complete shaft and distal epiphysis with heavy diaphyseal root etching, plus the trabecular core of the head. Maximum preserved length = 388.0

DV 15ak

Rt

Complete bone with restoration of the antero-medial head and minor diaphyseal root etching. Maximum preserved length = 339.0.

DV 15al

Lt

Complete bone with proximal antero-medial erosion and fill, and minor root etching on the distal shaft. Maximum preserved length = 337.5.

DV 16bs

Rt

Diaphysis from the neck to the proximal end of the distal tibio-fibular ligament. Maximum preserved length = 318.0.

DV 16bt

Lt

Diaphysis damaged proximally and extending distally to the eroded core of the proximal half of the malleolus. Maximum preserved length = 346.0.

DV 42

Rt

Midshaft section. The posterior surface is complete for the preserved length, but the proximal end is broken obliquely postero-proximal to antero-distal and the distal end is broken obliquely antero-proximal to postero-distal with rounding of the medial and lateral corners. Maximum preserved length = 85.1.

DV 48

Rt

An eroded and root-etched shaft from the proximal beginning of the anterior crest to the distal end of the antero-lateral sulcus. Maximum preserved length = 209.0.

Pavlov 1t

Lt

Proximal diaphysis with the neck and the flare for the head, distally to the full development of the interosseus crest. General modest root etching on the bone. Maximum preserved length = 124.5.

 

 

Tali

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Most of the bone is present with damage. The posterior trochlear margin and the medial malleolar surface near the anterior trochlea are eroded, and the latter lost its anterior extension. The head and neck preserve their lateral two-thirds. The posterior calcaneal surface preserves the lateral portion intact, but the medial portion has been pushed ca.2.0 dorsally, and the posterior margin is absent. The anterior and medial calcaneal surfaces are fused under the navicular. Preserved length = 42.5.

DV 13ah

Rt

Largely complete bone with damage and root etching to most of the bone. The trochlea lacks its posterior third, but the posterior margin is present. The lateral malleolar surface is damaged by the trochlea, the lateral-plantar tip and its posterior corner. The posterior calcaneal surface lacks its postero-lateral corner. The anterior and medial calcaneal surfaces are abraded along the head margin. The head is abraded along its dorsal and plantar margins. Maximum length (to the lateral process) = 60.5.

DV 15am

Rt

Intact with erosion to the anterior medial malleolar surface, the dorso-medial head, plus loss of most of the medio-plantar head. Maximum length = 52.9.

DV 15an

Lt

Intact but lacking most of the medial head. Maximum length = 50.9.

DV 16bu

Rt

Largely present with extensive abrasion to the articular margins. Intact margins include the anterior, medial and lateral trochlea, the posterior posterior calcaneal surface, the medial calcaneal surface and the latero-dorsal head. Maximum preserved length = 53.5.

DV 16bv

Lt

Largely intact with loss of the trochlear corners, the mid-dorsal head, most of the malleolar surfaces, and the postero-lateral posterior calcaneal surface. Maximum preserved length = 54.7.

 

 

Calcanei

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Body crushed against the greater trochanter of the left femur, with the tuberosity with all margins abraded, most of the medial surface with the medial process, the dorso-medial corner of the cuboid facet, the antero-medial corner of the medial talar facet, and a fragment of the posterior talar facet. Maximum preserved length = 58.5.

DV 13ai

Rt

Retains its anterior and medial proportions, with minor external abrasion to the anterior and medial facets, lateral and postero-lateral abrasion to the posterior talar facet, only the dorsal half of the cuboid facet, and only the dorso-medial quarter of the tuberosity. Maximum preserved length = 77.5.

DV 14ak

Lt

Sustentaculum tali with the medial talar facet and the M. flexor hallucis longus sulcus. Maximum preserved length = 31.4.

DV 15ao

Rt

Complete with minor erosion to the dorsal and lateral tuberosity, the latero-plantar cuboid surface and the latero-plantar body. Maximum length = 73.2.

DV 15ap

Lt

Complete with erosion to the posterior posterior talar surface, the latero-plantar cuboid facet, and along the latero-plantar margin to the mid lateral tuberosity. Maximum length = 71.1.

DV 16bw

Rt

The posterior talar surface, the dorsal body, the middle of the tuberosity, and anterior of the posterior talar surface to the latero-dorsal margin of the cuboid facet. Maximum preserved length = 78.0.

DV 16bx

Lt

The dorsal half of the cuboid surface, the anterior and medial talar facets with medial erosion, the posterior talar facet with lateral erosion, and the deformed dorsal body. Maximum preserved length = 76.2.

 

 

Navicular Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Body fused to the talar head, lacking all of the plantar surface and the tuberosity. Preserved breadth = 26.2.

DV 14al

Rt

Eroded body with the dorsal three-quarters of the talar surface, dorsal surface and cuneiform facets. Maximum preserved breadth = 31.5.

DV 15aq

Rt

Medial and dorsal half of the talar articular facet. Maximum preserved breadth = 29.2.

DV 15ar

Lt

Intact with damage to the plantar tubercle and lateral cuneiform facet. Maximum preserved breadth = 36.4.

DV 16by

Rt

The body without the tuberosity, eroded on the medial side with loss of the medial talar facet margins. Maximum preserved breadth = 35.0

DV 16bz

Lt

The body without the tuberosity eroded medially and plantarly. Maximum preserved breadth =31.2.

DV 39

Rt

The body with the dorsal and lateral two-thirds of the talar surface and the dorsal halves of the cuneiform facets plus the abraded dorsal surface. The tuberosity and plantar surface are absent. Maximum breadth = 30.3.

 

 

Cuboid Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Dorsal surface of the medial two-thirds of the bone, with most of the calcaneal facet and a mid calcaneal facet section of the peroneal sulcus. Maximum preserved length = 27.2.

DV 14am

Rt

Largely complete with erosion to the dorso-proximal and lateral margins and to the plantar half of the metatarsal 4 facet. The metatarsal 5 facet is absent. Maximum length = 32.5.

DV 16ca

Rt

The eroded dorsal body with the dorsal half of the calcaneal surface, the navicular and lateral cuneiform facets medially and the M. peroneus longus sulcus. Maximum preserved length = 31.3.

 

 

Medial Cuneiform Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Abraded and crushed dorsal half of the bone. Preserved length = 20.5.

DV 14an

Rt

Bone with the surfaces eroded and root etched, plus the plantar tuberosity and metatarsal facets are absent. Maximum length = 24.6.

DV 14ao

Lt

Complete with trivial surface erosion and a hole in the middle of the metatarsal 1 facet. Maximum length = 27.6.

DV 16cb

Rt

Complete bone with medial and plantar surface erosion. Maximum preserved height = 34.5.

DV 16cc

Lt

The navicular and metatarsal 1 facets without their margins plus fragments of the medial surface, fused to the intermedial cuneiform. Maximum preserved height = 26.0.

DV 46

Lt

Largely complete with erosion of the bone surface and loss of the plantar margin, especially medially. There is moderate root etching. Maximum height = 30.7.

 

 

Intermedial Cuneiform Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Dorsal two-thirds of the bone. Preserved length = 15.3.

DV 16cd

Rt

Complete with minor erosion. Maximum height = 20.5.

DV 16ce

Lt

The navicular and metatarsal 2 facets without their edges and fused to the medial cuneiform. Maximum preserved height = 16.8.

 

 

Lateral Cuneiform Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Well preserved dorsal half of the bone. Preserved length = 22.5.

DV 15as

Lt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 23.9.

DV 16cf

Rt

Body with disto-lateral erosion and no tubercle. Maximum length = 26.6.

DV 16cg

Lt

Dorsal majority of the body, without the tubercle. Maximum length = 22.9.

 

 

Metatarsal 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 14ap

Rt

Base and the shaft, with medial erosion to the base and root etching all over. Maximum preserved length = 54.2.

DV 14aq

Lt

A portion of the tarsal facet with a trace of the medial base. Maximum preserved length = 21.4.

DV 15at

Lt

Complete with root etching. Maximum length = 62.7.

DV 16ch

Rt

Base and shaft with erosion around the base margins. Maximum preserved length = 47.7.

DV 16ci

Lt

The midshaft with portions of the flarings for the epiphysis. Maximum preserved length = 42.8.

 

 

Metatarsal 2

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete diaphysis and the base with damage to the plantar articulation. Maximum preserved length = 63.4.

DV 14ar

Rt

Dorsal half of the base plus the shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 72.6.

DV 14as

Lt

Dorsal half of the base with the sides absent plus the shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 67.5.

DV 15au

Lt

Base and shaft with root etching. Maximum preserved length = 68.7.

DV 16cj

Rt

Shaft and the base with plantar erosion. Maximum preserved length = 67.8.

DV 16ck

Lt

Shaft with the flare for the base. Maximum preserved length = 54.4.

DV 44

Lt

The dorsal half of the proximal half plus all of the distal half of the shaft. The distal end preserves only the flare for the dorso-medial tubercle. The medial and lateral intermetatarsal facets are absent. It has moderate root etching. Maximum preserved length = 71.7.

 

 

 

 

Metatarsal 3

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete diaphysis, base with plantar lateral abrasion, and the crushed head. Maximum preserved length = 57.0.

DV 14at

Rt

Base with plantar erosion and the proximal two-thirds of the shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 51.5.

DV 15av

Rt

Base and shaft with root etching on the shaft. Maximum preserved length = 61.0.

DV 15aw

Lt

Base and shaft with erosion to the medial base and root etching on the shaft. Maximum preserved length = 57.5.

DV 16cl

Rt

Base without the tuberosity and the shaft is reconstructed medially and laterally on the distal third. Maximum preserved length = 60.6.

DV 16cm

Lt

Shaft plus the base with all sides eroded. Maximum preserved length = 58.6.

DV 47

Rt

The base with lateral damage plus the plantar portion of the proximal shaft. Maximum preserved length = 41.0.

 

 

Metatarsal 4

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete diaphysis, base with damage to its plantar third, and the head crushed into the proximal phalanx. Preserved length = 60.8.

DV 14au

Rt

Base with plantar erosion and the shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 67.6.

DV 15ax

Rt

Complete bone with erosion to the plantar head. Maximum length = 70.0.

DV 15ay

Lt

Complete bone with root etching on the shaft. Maximum length = 69.5.

DV 16cn

Rt

Shaft plus the base without the tuberosity. Maximum preserved length = 63.6.

DV 16co

Lt

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 47.9.

 

 

Metatarsal 5

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete bone with surface damage on the cuboid facet and the medial head. Preserved length = 58.4.

DV 14av

Rt

Base and shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 65.0.

DV 14aw

Lt

Medial base and proximal two-thirds of the shaft, all root etched. Maximum preserved length = 52.7.

DV 15az

Lt

Complete bone with erosion to the proximal tubercle and the medial head. Maximum length = 69.6.

DV 16cp

Rt

Base and shaft. Maximum preserved length = 61.0.

DV 16cq

Lt

Diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 38.7.

DV 49

Rt

The base and shaft with surface erosion to the base, especially on the articular facets and the proximal tuberosity. The lateral shaft is complete to the flare for the head, but the distal third of the medial shaft was split away. There is moderate root etching. Maximum preserved length = 57.9.

 

 

Proximal Pedal Phalanx 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 14ax

??

Root etched shaft and base with dorsal edge erosion. Maximum preserved length = 33.7.

DV 16cr

Rt

Largely complete with erosion around the dorsal, medial and lateral base. Fused to distal phalanx 1. Maximum preserved length = 35.3.

DV 52

Lt

A largely complete but heavily root etched phalanx, with erosion to the dorso-medial base and the dorsal middle of the head. Maximum length = 34.5.

 

 

Proximal Pedal Phalanx 2

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

??

Complete base with the beginning of the diaphysis. Side is indeterminate, but it probably represents the second digit. Maximum preserved length = 11.0.

DV 15ba

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 26.5.

DV 16cs

Rt

Complete with erosion and reconstruction around the base. Maximum preserved length = 30.9.

 

 

Proximal Pedal Phalanx 3

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete head, diaphysis missing the proximo-plantar third of the surface, and the base largely present but fused to fragments of the metatarsal 3 head. Maximum preserved length = 24.7.

DV 15bb

Rt

Complete bone. Maximum length = 25.4.

 

 

Proximal Pedal Phalanx 4

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 16ct

Rt

Complete with erosion and reconstruction around the dorsal and medial base. Maximum preserved length = 28.3.

 

 

Proximal Pedal Phalanx 5

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 15bc

Lt

Intact with dorsal head and dorsal base damage. Maximum length = 22.7.

DV 16cu

Rt

Base plus the proximal plantar diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 17.5.

 

 

Middle Pedal Phalanges 2-5

Specimen

Side

Digit

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt?

2/3?

Complete bone found on the left ilium. Side based on association with left distal phalanx 1. Preserved length = 11.8.

DV 16cv

Rt?

2

Complete bone. Maximum length = 14.2.

DV 16cw

Rt?

4

Base and diaphysis. Maximum preserved length = 11.6.

DV 16cx

Rt?

5

Complete. Maximum length = 9.8.

 

 

Distal Pedal Phalanx 1

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Complete bone with abrasion to the dorso-lateral base. Maximum preserved length = 19.5.

DV 16cy

Rt

Complete with medial apical tuft erosion. Fused to proximal phalanx 1. Maximum preserved length = 25.5.

 

 

Distal Pedal Phalanges 2-5

Specimen

Side

Digit

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt?

2/3?

Complete bone. Side based on association with left distal phalanx 1. Preserved length = 10.0.

DV 3

Lt?

5?

Complete bone. Side based on association with left distal phalanx 1. Preserved length = 7.3.

DV 16cz

Rt?

4

Complete with medio-plantar base erosion. Maximum length = 10.2.

DV 16da

Rt?

5

Complete. Maximum length = 9.8.

 

 

Pedal Sesamoid Bones

Specimen

Side

Preservation / Comments

DV 3

Lt

Peroneal. Complete, discovered adherent to the left cuboid bone. Maximum length = 7.0.

DV 3

??

Hallucal. Lateral? Complete, on the left ilium with left phalanges. Maximum length = 7.5.

DV 3

Lt

Hallucal. Complete, by the left metatarsal 2 head. Maximum length = 7.0.

DV 3

Lt

Hallucal. Complete, by the left metatarsal 3 and 4 heads. Maximum length = 6.5.

DV 15bd

??

Hallucal. Complete. Probably lateral. Maximum length = 9.1.