306, September 24, 2004
Islam and Culture (film: Caravans of Gold)
Early outsiders
- Phoenicians
- Carthage 814 BC
- Greeks 7th Cent BC
- Romans in Carthage 146 BC
- vandals
Islam
- Islam 7th Cent Arabia
- Mohammed, Mecca, Qur'an (Koran)
- khalifa (caliph, caliphate)
- jihad, commercial enclaves
- Ibn Battuta, 1300s
- Ashanti/Asante, Mali, Songhai, Kanem, Sokoto Caliphate
- Jenne (Jenne-Jeno, in Mali) by 400 AD
- Timbuktu
E. Africa
- Greek seafaring handbook: 1st cent AD, "Azania"
- Swahili
- Kilwa
- Ibn Battuta again