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Time course physical and physiological
development (when at maximum?) |
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Drug doses and drug metabolism |
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The case of age-related increase in diabetes |
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Different standards needed |
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Remarkable intra and inter-individual
variability |
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Idea of successful aging |
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No age change completely pre-determined |
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Age changes not disease changes |
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Why important to distinguish |
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Example of memory change in AD vs. healthy older |
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Over design of all systems (reserve capacity) |
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How can we study actual changes |
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Example: walk vs. run marathon |
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Measure of functional change (ADL) |
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Skin |
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Wrinkles, lines, sagging, liver spots |
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Role of collagen |
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Exposure to sun |
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Facial wrinkles and facial muscles |
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Different for different types of hair |
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Graying of hair on head |
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Balding |
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Male pattern baldness (but also seen in females) |
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Role of genetics |
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Other “interesting” facts |
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Blonds on average have higher density of hair
slower to bald |
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Whose fastest? |
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Gender differences |
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Is it always a loss of hair with age? |
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Changes from 20-50 |
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Changes after age 65 |
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Bone loss vs. metabolism changes |
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Can we prevent age changes in physical
appearance? |
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Societal view of these changes |
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Role in stereotypes |
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Cardiovascular system- |
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Heart |
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Arteries |
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Cholesterol |
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Role of diet and exercise-have data from true
experiments |
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Is it beneficial for older adults |
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Is it beneficial even for old-old |
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Overall age effects |
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25-44 = 1 in 4,000 |
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>75 = 1/25 |
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Types of cardiovascular abilities that change |
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Gender and cardiovascular disease |
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Changes in men as age |
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Changes in women as age |
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If time make graph |
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Reason for gender difference |
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Role of estrogen |
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Problem with estrogen |
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Why among most important for older adults |
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Why justified to be very worried |
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Changes in bone density |
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Potential effects |
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Osteoporosis |
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Brittle bones - implications |
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Cartilage changes |
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Implications |
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How can prevent |
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Study of calcium intake females at Wash U |
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Importance of brain imaging revolution |
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Quantitative vs. qualitative changes in
functioning |
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Brain |
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Changes in volume |
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Number of neurons |
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Other neuronal changes |
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Senile plaques |
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Neurofibrillary tangles |
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Potential role in AD |
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Importance for normal aging |
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Circadian rhythms – define |
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Age changes |
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Importance for optimal time of testing |
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Sleep |
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Idea of sleep stages |
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Age changes in stages of sleep |
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Insert picture from intro psych lecture |
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Insomnia |
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What about melatonin |
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Adverse effects of melatonin |
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Sleep apnea |
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Why might occur |
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Age changes in ability to sweat |
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Effects of exercise |
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Reduction of some neurotransmitters |
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Dopamine |
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Importance for Parkinson’s disease |
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Importance for depression |
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Importance for Schizophrenia |
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General trend |
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Elimination |
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Incontinence and age |
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Particularly important because of : |
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Potential social implications |
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Role in nursing home admissions |
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Causes |
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Treatments |
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Leading causes of death in U.S.?? |
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Heart disease |
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Cancer |
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Stroke |
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Importance of diet in controlling these |
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Limitations of dietary control for older adults |
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Knowledge |
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Financial |
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Requirements |
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Calories
- under 2000 |
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Slowing of metabolism |
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Danger of obesity |
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Cholesterol – under 125 mg |
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Cardiovascular |
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Percent calories from fat – under 25 |
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Cardiovascular; stroke |
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Financial – Average monthly income $800 |
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About 25% toward food = $7/day |
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Taste |
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Older adults lose some taste sensitivity |
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Things are evidence for |
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Diet |
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Exercise- |
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Autonomy and control |
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Nursing home study |
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Notes